Polite Politics: Eminent Domain
July 24th, 2005 by Sam[TC] Let me be very clear up front. I hate the idea of Eminent Domain. I find the idea that government can forcibly take anything from an innocent individual anathema. Having said that, I understand that sometimes the greater good must be served and the seizing of a person’s property may be required. I don’t like it, but intellectually I can understand why it may be necessary in rare circumstances.
What follows is the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Read carefully the last sentence of the amendment.
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
A recent decision by the Supreme Court of the United States is so wrong headed it defies explanation. In a 5 to 4 ruling, the Justices ruled that property in New London, Connecticut, can be seized in order to be turned over to a private developer for the construction of an office complex. The Constitution, the ultimate law of the United States, clearly states that property can only be seized for public use. Public use has, until now, meant just that… public use. Roads. Dams. Schools. Never has it meant an office complex or other privately owned building.
New Haven argues that increasing the city’s tax revenue is public use. Following that logic leads to only one place… you own property at the pleasure of the state. People who want to build mansions can forcibly remove people in more modest homes. Larger businesses can seize smaller businesses. Because of this Supreme Court decision we have all become renters in our own homes.
Consider this hypothetical example. The location of my house would make a dandy place for a new Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart would certainly pay more taxes to the community than my neighbors and I do. Now, because of this broader interpretation of “public use” Wal-Mart need not bother to find space to buy. If a location Wal-Mart wants is inconveniently owned, Wal-Mart could have the city seize it on their behalf. “Never happen,” you say? Tell that to the homeowners in New London, Connecticut.
[Sam] I was incensed when I first learned of this. I still am… The use of this awfully powerful tool is never (Rarely will you see me use the word “never.” When I do, it is with great consideration.) well-received by anyone being displaced. Granted, there are likely speculative and opportunistic landowners that welcome this, but I question their investing savvy. No, the great majority of us will be rather perturbed (to put it politely) at any part of our government swooping in and relieving us of our property. Sure, we’ll receive “just compensation” because our government is not a band of pirates. “Just compensation” is likely to be too little to salve the sacrifice of the landowner; there are just too many reasons one may want to retain one’s land. Often, many of those reasons are not fiscally based. Of course, one can refuse to “sell,” but then condemnation is likely to be used and the land still goes to the government. “You can’t fight City Hall.” Still, as distasteful as the use of eminent domain is for the victim, there is at least some measure of understanding and even reluctant appreciation that the use of the land will serve the public, in some way enhancing the lives of many people. Oh, and the original landowner, as a member of the public, will have access to what has been built on his/her property. (Probably…)
We are fortunate in NC to not be affected by this ruling, at least for now.
The North Carolina League of Municipalities
This Supreme Court decision changes nothing in North Carolina. That’s right - nothing. Our N.C. cities and counties have no statutory authority to use eminent domain for general economic development purposes, and the federal courts cannot provide it. The authority of our cities and towns comes from the N.C. General Assembly, which is not about to authorize use of the eminent domain power in this way.
Still, I can’t help but wonder how long our General Assembly will remain scrupulous in this. The Institute for Justice provides some sadly enlightening research results:
IJ Publications: Liberty & Law
In its first-of-its-kind nationwide study of eminent domain abuse, the Institute for Justice was shocked to find more than 10,000 similar instances of actual or threatened condemnations for private development in just a five-year period. There is every reason to expect a breathtaking expansion of that number is right around the corner.
What this all boils down to is, just as TC put it, we “own property at the pleasure of the state.” While this has been so for quite some time, it has not been so aptly set up for abuse. The use of eminent domain to take one person’s land and give it to any entity other than the public is wrong. There are no shades of grey here. If eminent domain is used, then the property must be for public use. Private property, even if open to the public, is by nature not for public use.
Here’s a link to part of NC’s General Statutes regarding eminent domain:Clicky
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UPDATE:
The bastards in New London are to charge the homeowners back rent for 5 years!!!
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelo_v._New_London
http://www.google.com/search?q=%22new+london%22+kelo+%22back+rent%22
Following the decision, many of the plaintiffs expressed an intent to find other means by which they could continue contesting the seizure of their homes. However, the Supreme Court having disposed of the eminent domain issue, the only legal avenue left to Kelo and her fellow residents may be to contest the fairness of the amount that the city intends to pay for the land - the city has reportedly set aside $1.6 million to buy all 15 homes, and city officials believe that they will be in possession of the property within a few months.[2] Soon after the decision, city officials announced plans to charge the residents of the homes for back rent for the five years since condemnation procedures began. The city contends that the residents have been on city property for those five years and owe tens of thousands of dollars of rent.



